Microcontroller products
Microcontroller products
Introduction to Microcontroller products: A
Microcontroller contains an integrated processor, memory with a small amount of
RAM and Program memory or both, a programmable input/output peripheral, which
are used to interact with things connected to the chip. A microcontroller is
different than a microprocessor, which only contains a CPU. It is used to
control the operation of a machine using a fixed program that is stored in ROM/
EPROM and that does not change over the lifetime. It is called as a
microprocessor because it basically used for control actions. Microcontroller
is largely designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the
microprocessors used in personal computers or other general-purpose
applications consisting of various discrete chips. The function of memory in a
microcontroller is the same as a microprocessor. It is used to store data and
program. A microcontroller usually has a certain amount of RAM and ROM or flash
memories for storing program source code.
Structure of a Microcontroller products: This
type, of course, is basically the full package of teaching and informative
course. Through this course one can learn:
·
Definition of a Microcontroller products:
A microcontroller is a single chip microcomputer made through VLSI fabrication.
A microcontroller additionally known as an
entrenched controller because the microcontroller and its support
circuits are often built into, or embedded in, the devices they control. A
microcontroller is accessible in diverse expression lengths like
microprocessors. In a microcontroller, there fundamentally encompasses one or
more component. Such as:
- Central Processing Unit
- Random Access Memory
- Read Only Memory
- Input/ Output Ports
- Timers and Counters
- Interrupt Controls
- Analog to Digital converters
- Digital Analog Converters
- Serial interfacing ports
- Oscillatory Circuits
A microcontroller internally consists of all option needed
for a computer system and functions as a pc without adding any external digital
components in it. Most of the pin in the microcontroller chip can be made
programmable by the user. A microcontroller has several bits handling
directions which will be simply understood by the technologist. It is capable
of handling Boolean functions. It has higher speed and performance. It is easy
to design with low cost and small size with on-chip ROM structure in a
microcontroller provides better firmware security.
·
CPU in a microcontroller products: CPU
is the brain of a microcontroller. CPU is liable for winning the instruction, decodes
it, then finally executed. CPU connect every part of a microcontroller into a
single system. The primary operate of processor is winning and interpreting
direction. The instruction fetched from program memory should be decoded by the processor.
·
Memory in a microcontroller: The
function of memory in a microcontroller is the same as a microprocessor. It is
used to store data and program. A microcontroller usually has a certain amount
of RAM and ROM or flash memories for storing program source codes.
·
Parallel input/ output ports: Parallel
input/ output ports are primarily rummage-sale to drive/ boundary numerous
devices like LCD’S, LED’S, printers, memories, etc. to a microcontroller.
·
Serial Ports: Serial ports provide
various serial interfaces between a microcontroller and other peripherals like
parallel ports.
·
Timers/ Counters: This is one of the
useful functions of a microcontroller. A microcontroller could have additional
than one timer and counters. The timers and counters afford all temporal arrangements
and functions within the microcontroller. The major operations of this section
are completed the clock functions, modulations, pulse generations, frequency
measuring, making oscillations, etc. This
can also be used for varied peripheral pulses.
·
Analog to Digital Converter: ADC
converters are used for converting the analog indication to digital form. The
input signal in this converter should be in analog form and the output from
this unit is in digital form. The digital output will be used for innumerable
digital applications.
·
Digital to Analog Converter: DAC perform
reversal operation of ADC conversion. DAC converts the digital signal into
analog format. It usually used for dominating analog devices like DC motors,
various drives, etc.
·
Interrupt control: The interrupt control
used for providing interrupt for a working program. The interrupt may be
external or internal by using interrupt instruction during programming.
·
Special Functioning Block: Some
microcontrollers used only for some special applications such as space systems
and robotics. These controllers containing supplementary ports to perform such
special operations. This considered as a special function block.
·
Difference between Microprocessor &
Microcontroller products: Whether the microprocessor is only a
general-purpose computer CPU, Microcomputer itself a microcomputer. In a
microprocessor, there must have many additional digital components to perform
its operation. On the other hand, microcomputer function as a microcomputer
without any additional components. In a microprocessor, the system becomes
bulkier and expensive, And, in the microcontroller, the system is simple,
economic and compact. The Microprocessor is not capable of handling Boolean
function whether the microcontroller can handle Boolean function. In a
microprocessor, the higher accessing time required and the microcontroller
works can be done in a low accessing time. Microprocessor widely used in modern
PC and laptops, and Microcontrollers widely used in the small control system.
Recompenses and Shortcomings of Microcontroller products:
The foremost compensations of a microcontroller are it performances as a
microcomputer without any cardinal parts, as the higher integration inside,
microcontroller reduces the cost and size of the system. To use a
microcontroller is very easy, simple to troubleshoot and system maintaining.
Most of the pins of a microcontroller are programmable by the user of
performing different functions. It can easily interface additional RAM, ROM,
I/O ports, and lastly it requires low time to perform. Though it has many
advantages, there is also some disadvantages such as microcontroller have got
more complex architecture than that of microprocessors. It solely performs a
limited number of executions simultaneously. It cannot interface higher power
devices directly.
Application which are used in the microcontrollers products:
One can find microcontrollers in all kinds of devices these days. Any device
that measures, stores, controls, calculates, and displays information must have
a microcontroller chip inside.
The Intel
MCS-51 Microcontroller products
may be a sole chip
microcontroller (MCU) series developed by Intel in nineteen
eighty to be used in embedded systems. The engineer of the teaching set
of the Intel MCS-51 was John H. Wharton. Intel's original versions were
common with in the eighties and early nineties and heightened binary
compatible derivatives continue widespread these days. It is a specimen of
a complex instruction set computer,
and has dispersed memory places for program instructions and data.
Intel's original MCS-51 family was developed by means of
N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS)
proficiency corresponding to its forerunner Intel
MCS-48, but advanced versions, identified by a letter C in their name
(e.g., 80C51) used corresponding metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology and
devour less power than their NMOS predecessors. This made them more suitable
for battery-powered devices.
The family was continued in late nineties with the improved eight-bit MCS-151
and the 8/16/32-bit MCS-251
domestic of binary companionable microcontrollers. Despite the fact Intel no
longer assemblies the MCS-51, MCS-151 and MCS-251 family, boosted binary
compatible offshoots made by abundant merchants remain popular today. Some
derivatives participate a digital signal processor (DSP). Elsewhere
these physical devices, more than a few companies also offer MCS-51 derivatives
as IP cores
for use in field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
or application-specific integrated
circuit (ASIC) designs.
INTRODUCTION TO THE 8052 Microcontroller
products
The 8052 microcontroller is the former product 8051's
superior one. It is to some extent more authoritative
microcontroller, evenhanded a number of additional features which the developer
may make use of:
·
Two fifty six bytes of Internal RAM (compared to
128 in the standard 8051).
·
A third 16-bit timer, accomplished of a number
of new maneuver modes and sixteen bit reloads.
·
Additional SFRs to sustenance the functionality
obtainable by the third timer.
That's really about all there is to the transformation
between the former 8051 and later 8052.
The remains of this tutorial will enlighten these additional structures offered
by the 8052, and how they are used in the interior user programs. All over this
tutorial, it is supposed that one already has read the all procedures of the
former version and have a moderate knowledge and understanding of it.
PIC microcontroller products
may be a product of microcontrollers
finished by Microchip Technology, resulting from the PIC
sixteen hundred fifty initially developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division.
The name PIC originally mentioned to Peripheral Interface Controller, then it
was modified as Programmable Intelligent Computer. The primary parts of the
family were accessible in nineteen seventy six; by 2013 the company had
transported additional than twelve billion individual parts, used in an
inclusive variety of embedded systems.
Primary models of PIC had store memory (ROM) or
field-programmable EPROM for program storage, some with establishment for
obliterating memory. All current models use non violate storage for program
storage, and newer models permit the PIC to reprogram itself. Program memory
and data memory are separated. Data memory is 8-bit, 16-bit, and, in latest
models, 32-bit wide. Program directions vary in bit-count by family of PIC, and
should be twelve, fourteen, sixteen, or twenty-four bits long. The exercise set
also conjointly varied by model, with supplementary powerful chips adding
instructions for digital signal processing functions.
The hardware competences of PIC devices vary from 6-pin SMD,
8-pin DIP chips up to 144-pin SMD chips, with disconnected I/O pins, ADC and DAC modules, and communications ports
such as UART, I2C, CAN, and even USB. Low-power and high-speed variations exist
for many types.
The manufacturer materials provides electronic computer code
software for development referred to as MPLAB X, assemblers
and C/C++ compilers, and programmer/debugger hardware underneath the MPLAB
and PICK it
series. Third party and approximately a few open-source apparatuses are also
available. Some parts have in-circuit programming capability; low-cost
expansion programmers are available as well as high-production programmers.
PIC devices are widespread with both industrial designers
and hobbyists outstanding to their low cost, wide availability, large user
base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or
free development tools, serial programming, and re-programmable flash-memory
capability.
This microcontroller product course is
designed to provide an in-depth knowledge of the advanced microcontroller in
the field of Embedded system. This course gives equal emphasis to hardware,
software and to enable one to work on the Architecture, input-output
interfacing, pin diagram and also set up and customize a microcontroller
development environment. In the Bangladesh automation technologies, this course
fees are 6000 with the duration of four months.
Upon fruitful microcontroller product completion of this
course students possess advanced knowledge, skills and the capabilities in the
subject of microcontroller and embedded system that enables a student to
demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the essential principles embedded
systems, design, enlighten the process and apply it. One can demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of the microcontroller technology both for hardware
and software. To design embedded systems based on microcontrollers. One can
demonstrate knowledge and understanding of hardware/software co-design
techniques for microcontroller-based embedded systems and to apply techniques
in design problems.
One can know and
classify microcontrollers’ peripherals; know, understand and explain low-power.
One can be able to design and implement a complete embedded system as a
project. One can also have some general competencies like search for, analysis
and synthesis of data and information, with the use of necessary technology,
adapting to new situations, decision making, working independently, production
of new research ideas, search for, analysis and synthesis of data and
information, with the use of the necessary technology. In this type, of course,
the contents are Introduction to Embedded systems, Microcontroller
Architecture, interrupt signals and routines, interface circuits, analog, and
digital peripherals programming: numerical I/ O, timers, ADC and declaration
peripherals, truncated power modes of operation. In the Bangladesh Automation
technologies, the student can have an electronic presentation with multimedia
content, electronic communication of instructors and students, through the
course webpage and by email. Can use the applications development software for
the microcontroller in the lab. And, also use a microcontroller programming and
debugging software tool in the lab.
So, we can say that, microcontroller is a part and parcel of
the automation industry. It is called the heart of the programmable logic
controller. Embedded systems in robotics are the framework that allows
electro-mechanical systems to be implemented into modern machines. The key
aspects of the framework are C programming in embedded controllers, circuits
for interfacing microcontrollers with sensors ,and actuators, and proper
filtering and control of those hardware components. This will cover the basis
of C/C++ programming, including the basics of the C language in hardware
interfacing, communication and algorithms for state machine and controllers. In
order to interface these controllers with the world around us, this will also
cover electrical circuits required to operate controllers, sensors, and
actuators accurately and effectively. Finally, some of the more commonly used hardware
that is interfaced with microcontrollers will go over.